= Definition
- Active voice is a feature of sentences in which the subject performs the action of the verb and the direct object is the goal or the recipient.
- Passive voice is a feature of sentences in which the object or goal of the action functions as the sentence subject and the main verb phrase includes the verb to be and the past participle.
II. Discussion
I try to find out and analyze the active and passive voices in an article from Jakarta Post newspaper which is entitled Land acquisition issue halts Trans-Sumatra toll road project. The analysis of active and passive voices will be discussed below:
Land acquisition issue halts Trans-Sumatra toll road project
Public Works Minister Djoko Kirmanto said on Monday that the long-awaited Trans-Sumatra toll road project would not begin this year as previously planned due to land acquisition problems. "The tender awaits the completion of land acquisition. Therefore, we will focus on acquiring the land needed to construct the toll road within the next two or three years and construction will begin after we settle the land acquisition," Djoko said at a media briefing on Monday.
The 2,700-kilometer toll road project, stretching from Aceh to Lampung and consisting of 23 sections, was previously planned to commence construction this year. The toll road will connect major cities in Sumatra.
The initial construction comprised four toll road sections, namely Medan-Binjai, Indralaya-Palembang, Pekanbaru-Dumai and Bakauheni-Terbanggi Besar. In order to construct the toll road, the goverment needs to acquire 218,976 million square meters of land. The minister acknowledged that until now, the ministry had acquired only an "insignificant percentage of the land needed to construct the roads".
He did not mention the exact percentage.
"We estimate that the cost to acquire the land is Rp 15 trillion [US$1.3 billion]. after we acquire the land, we will protect it againts local residents willfully occupying it," said the ministry's director general for highways, Djoko Murajanto.
Besides being hindered by land acquisition problems, the ministry is also still waiting for the issuance of a presidential decree as a legal basis to construct the toll road. Construction will be carried out by state owned enterprises with funding from the state budget.
The draft decree prepared by the ministry states that should the appointed state owned enterprises be unable to finish the project, the tasks will be taken over by the ministry. Minister Djoko said the ministry had submitted the draft revision to the Cabinet secretary and hoped that the draft would be finalized soon.
He also said the appointment of state owned contractor company PT Hutama Karya had not been finalized. "What is certain is that state owned enterprises will work on the project," he said.
During the media briefing, Djoko said minister had built 4,401 km of roads over the past 10 years. Based on ministry data, the length of roads built by the ministry in 2004 reached around 34,000 km. The length increased to only 38,401 km in 2014.
Meanwhile, the total length of toll roads in the country reached only 918 km this year, increasing only 307 km from 2004, the minister added. "Even though the total length of roads has not increased significantly, we have widened and strengthened roads. The fact is that economic development outpaces road development. Therefore, the public still complains about traffic jams," the minister said, adding that road projects could be accelerated if land acquisition went smoothly.
Source: Jakarta Post, Page 13 / Business / Tuesday, March 25 2014
A. Active Voice
1. we will focus on acquiring
S aux O PP
Analysis: The sentence is active voice. Based on the sentence pattern above, the active voice uses simple future tense
2. the government needs to acquire
S V1 PP
Analysis: The sentence is active voice. Based on the sentence pattern above, the active voice uses simple present tense
3. state owned enterprises will work on the project.
aux O PP
Analysis: The sentence is active voice. Based on the sentence pattern above, the active voice uses simple future tense
4. the total length of roads has not increased significantly
S has/have V3 O
Analysis: The sentence is active voice. Based on the sentence pattern above, the active voice uses present perfect tense.
5. the public still complains about traffic jams
S V1 PP
Analysis: The sentence is active voice. Based on the sentence pattern above, the active voice uses simple present tense.
B. Passive Voice
1. Besides being hindered by land acquisition problems
S be V3 PP
Analysis: The sentence is passive voice. Based on the sentence pattern above, the passive voice uses simple present tense.
2. Construction will be carried out by state owned
S aux be V3 PP
Analysis: The sentence is passive voice. Based on the sentence pattern above, the passive voice uses simple future tense in the "will" form.
3. The draft decree prepared by the ministry states
S V3 PP
Analysis: The sentence is passive voice. Based on the sentence pattern above, the passive voice uses simple past tense in the suffix "ed" form.
4. the tasks will be taken over by the ministry
S aux be V3 PP
Analysis: The sentence is passive voice. Based on the sentence pattern above, the passive voice uses simple future tense in the "will" form.
5. the length of roads built by the ministry
S V3 PP
Analysis: The sentences is passive voice because built by the ministry can be said as an passive voice although there is no "be" before the verb built.
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